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Reference Elements

Here we will discuss the following reference tags used in HTML. These are reference elements, which is mainly used for referring or giving citation to original work.

Quotations <blockquote>
Short Quotations <q>
Abbreviations <abbr>
Address <address>
Citation element <cite>
Bi-Directional <bdo>

Quotations <blockquote>

HTML Block Quotation Element <blockquote> indicates that text inside this tag is extended quotation. It also accepts URL of original work as an attribute cite .

Short Quotations <q>

This element indicates that enclosed text between q tag is a short quotation of original work. Like blockquote, this tag also accepts the URL of original work as an attribute value of cite.

Abbreviations <abbr>

This is a dedicated HTML element for abbreviations or acronym and accepts title attribute having description or expansion of abbreviations or acronym.

Address <address>

<address> HTML elements indicates that HTML is providing contact information of person, organization or company.

Citation element <cite>

The HTML Citation element <cite> is used to specify a source to a cited creative work.

Bi-Directional <bdo>

This is a very helpful element for websites in international languages. This element overrides the current direction of the text. You can set direction from right to left or left to right. This element accepts the direction in dir attributes. You can choose from ltr and rtl.

____ is tag used for represent short quotations in HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
        <html>
        <head>
            <title>Reference Tags Example</title>
        </head>
        <body>
            
            <blockquote cite="https://www.wikipedia.org/key=popo"> 
                <p>All that we are is the result of what we have thought.  - Buddha </p>
            </blockquote>
            <hr>
            <q cite="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML"><p>All that we are is the result of what we have thought.  - Buddha </p></q>
        
            <hr>
            <p> <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> is very important and key language in building web pages.</p>
            <hr>
            <p>You can contact us:</p>
        
            <address>
            445 Mount Eden Road, Mount Eden, Auckland
                <a href="mailto:email@example.com">email@example.com</a><br>
                <a href="tel:+1784561230">+1784561230</a>
            </address>
            <hr>
            <footer>
                <p>More information about quality management can be found in <cite>[ISO-9000]</cite>.</p>
            </footer>
            <!-- Switch text direction -->
            <p>This is left to right.</p>
            <p><bdo dir="rtl">This is right to left.</bdo></p>
            </body>
        </html>